Tuesday, July 8, 2008
GRAYANOTOXINS
Name of Acute Disease: Honey Intoxication
- Formerly known as andromedotoxin, acetylandromedol, and rhodotoxin
- Caused by the consumption of honey produced from the nectar of rhododendrons
- The grayanotoxins cause the intoxication.
Nature of Disease: rarely fatal and generally lasts for no more than 24 hours
- Induces dizziness, weakness, excessive perspiration, nausea, and vomiting shortly after the toxic honey is ingested.
- Other symptoms that can occur are low blood pressure or shock, bradyarrhythima, sinus bradycardia, nodal rhythm, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and complete atrioventricular block.
Associated Foods: most commonly results from the ingestion of grayanotoxin-contaminated honey, although it may result from the ingestion of the leaves, flowers, and nectar of rhododendrons
Relative Frequency of Disease: Grayanotoxin poisoning in humans is rare
- May be due to an increase consumption of imported honey or ingestion of unprocessed honey.
Target Population: Individuals who obtain honey from farmers who may have only a few hives are at increased risk. The pooling of massive quantities of honey during commercial processing generally dilutes any toxic substance.
Analysis in Foods: can be isolated from the suspect commodity by typical extraction procedures for naturally occurring terpenes. The toxins are identified by thin layer chromatography.
- Can also use Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
• positive ion electrospray ionization
• ion trap tandem mass spectrometry
References
http://www.seafoodhaccp.com/SeafoodData/BadBugBook/CHAP44.HTML
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11312909
http://niah.naro.affrc.go.jp/publication/seikajoho2/2001/niah01020-e.html
Applied Food Science And Nutrition.
11:39 PM
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